非常有意思的是,在高級(jí)靈長(zhǎng)類和人類當(dāng)中,5S-OT RNA獲取了調(diào)控多個(gè)基因可變剪切的新功能。在高級(jí)靈長(zhǎng)類和人類中,5S-OT中插入了一個(gè)反義Alu序列,并因此同時(shí)產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)多嘧啶(polypyrimidine-tract, Py)位點(diǎn)。Alu是一種靈長(zhǎng)類特異的基因組短重復(fù)序列,而人類基因組DNA中約10%的序列為Alu的正向或反向序列。隨后在人細(xì)胞中的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),人類5S-OT RNA可以通過其Py位點(diǎn)招募參與pre-mRNA剪切的蛋白質(zhì)U2AF65,進(jìn)而通過5S-OT RNA中的反向Alu序列與靶標(biāo)pre-mRNA當(dāng)中的正向Alu序列的互補(bǔ)配對(duì)、將U2AF65蛋白帶到受其調(diào)控的pre-mRNA上。非靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物的5S-OT RNA不具有Py位點(diǎn)、不與U2AF65蛋白有相互作用、因而不能調(diào)控相應(yīng)物種中的mRNA可變剪切。
該發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)直接的應(yīng)用是可以利用人類5S-OT RNA的這一調(diào)控機(jī)理、通過人工設(shè)計(jì)的、針對(duì)特定基因序列的“改裝版”5S-OT來調(diào)控特定基因的剪切。在文章中、把人5S-OT RNA中的反義Alu序列換為與特定基因pre-mRNA互補(bǔ)的序列、即可調(diào)控該基因的可變剪切。很多人類疾病與基因剪切異常相關(guān)、未來有可能以這一發(fā)現(xiàn)為基礎(chǔ)發(fā)展出生物技術(shù)來“糾正”基因的可變剪切。
文章的共同第一作者為博士生胡珊珊和碩士王小林。研究得到了科技部、中科院、國(guó)家基金委、以及中科大非編碼RNA功能及功能機(jī)理創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)的經(jīng)費(fèi)支持。
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Shanshan Hu*, Xiaolin Wang*, Ge Shan. Insertion of an Alu element in an lncRNA leads to primate specific modulation of alternative splicing. Nat. Struct. Mol. Bio. 2016, Online (doi:10.1038/nsmb.3302).
論文鏈接:http://www.nature.com/nsmb/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nsmb.3302.html
ABSTRACT
Noncoding RNAs, mobile elements, and alternative splicing are all critical for the regulation of gene expression. Here we show that a conserved noncoding RNA acquires a new function due to the insertion of a mobile element. We identified a noncoding RNA, termed 5S-OT, which is transcribed from 5S rDNA loci in eukaryotes including fission yeast and mammals. 5S-OT plays a cis role in regulating the transcription of 5S rRNA in mice and humans. In the anthropoidea suborder of primates, an antisense Alu element has been inserted at the 5S-OT locus. We found that in human cells, 5S-OT regulates alternative splicing of multiple genes in trans via Alu/anti-Alu pairing with target genes and by interacting with the splicing factor U2AF65. This trans effect of 5S-OT in splicing might be exploited in biotechnological applications.
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