????? 2015??a7????2???????????§?￡?????|???????o???ˉ???????±?????????μ???????????￡???????1?o???????????ˉ?′?3???§James A Birchler?????????????????????????????????′??James A Birchler?????????o??Kathleen J Newton???????????§???μ?±?¨???|???????????o?μ?????￥116???????????￡???????o?2???·?????????|???°?2?????????o???￠???????????o40???????????§???o?2???????????????????????????2?￠???????????§???μ?±?¨???|???￡???????????????????°???§???μ?±?¨???|?????????·?????????o???????????·?3?????￡?????????????????????????￡?????ˉ???????±????????????????????James A Birchler?????????μ?????§???μ?±?3???°???￠???§???????1???????????????????2???a???????????￡???|?o?3???μ???￠?μ?¤???o?3?¤???aJames A Birchler?????????°?¤?·?￠?????±?±???????|?·???′?3???§???°???????????????????±???????????￡
?????????? ?????????????????????????o?3?￡??Kathleen J Newton???????????????????a???????o???|???o???·???????￠???a???°Mitochondrial Genomes, Mutations and Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Maize???±?μ???±?¨???|???￡?±?¨???|?????￡?? Kathleen J Newton???????????a???????????????????±???????????￡???￥???1???2?????μ?????????·?￡???2?￠?????3?????¤???????¨???????′???2?????????????????????μ?±???·???3???μ?????????????·?￠???????￡???￥???1???2?????????????￡?????????±???2?????????2?o???o?????±?¤?￡???′???????2?o???o???????￡???￥???1???2?????μ?????????ˉ?￡?????????????????±???1?????????????????°???????????????2??????(CMS)???????±?????±?-?????μ?????°???????o???????￡
?????????? ???|?o?3?￡??James A Birchler???????????·???????￠???a???°Gene Balance in Maize and Drosophila???±?μ???±?¨???|???￡James A Birchler???????????????±???????°?1?????????a?????￡?????a???????????????????????1???2?μ???·???????±???????±???????±???????±?¤?????μ???????±?¤?±?-?????????????????????μ?????1?±?????-???-?￡???2?￠???a?????2???????????????????2?1?3?￥???§???|?μ???1???μ?￡?￡???????????????3?????????1???2?????o?￠???????μ?￡?????a???????????1???????????1???2?μ?????′?????????????±?¤?????·???????????????????μ?????1?±?-?????3???μ?????????ˉ???-???-???￡
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?????????? 1???￠ Kathleen J Newton???????????·???a?′?????????????￡???￥???1???2???????§???￠???????￡???￥?????±?¤???????2???ˉ???o?3?¤?·?￠?????μ?????°???????￠?????°???????????????2?????????￠?????????????????μ?????-?????o?????|?????????????￡??????????PNAS???·???￠????Plant Cell???·???￠????Plant Physiology???·???￠????Plant Journal???·???￠????Genetics???·???￠?μ???1?o?????????????????????·?￠?±?-???????????????????a???￡
?????????? 2???￠ James A Birchler???????????·???a?′???????1???????·???????±?????￥?????·?′???????????????§???|?￡???????????2?1?3?￥????????(Dosage compensation)?￡??RNAi?￡?????????°???±?????μ???????1?¤?o???3?????????????￥?￡???????????????????￡?????????????￥???????????￡?μ???????????￡?????????????￥???????????￡?μ???±?-?1???????′?????§?μ???·?????|?μ???????????￡?????¤?????????3???1???·?￠?±?-????Cell?￡?? Science?￡?? Nature Genetics?￡??PNAS ???????°Plant Cell ?μ?????????￡???????ˉ???????￡
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